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''Drosophila suzukii'', commonly called the spotted-wing drosophila, is a vinegar fly—closely related to ''Drosophila melanogaster'' (the common vinegar fly). ''D. suzuki'', originally from southeast Asia, is becoming a major pest species in America and Europe, because it infests fruit early during the ripening stage, in contrast with other ''Drosophila'' species that infest only rotting fruit.〔Walsh et al. (Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Invasive Pest of Ripening Soft Fruit Expanding its Geographic Range and Damage Potential ) J. Int. Pest Man. 2:G1-G7〕 Native to southeast Asia, ''D. suzukii'' was first described in 1931 by Matsumura. Observed in Japan as early as 1916 by T. Kanzawa,〔Kanzawa, T. 1939 Report. Translated from Japanese by Shinji Kawaii〕 ''D. suzukii'' was widely observed throughout parts of Japan, Korea, and China by the early 1930s.〔 By the 1980s, the “fruit fly” with the spotted wings was seen in Hawaii. It first appeared in North America in central California in August 2008〔(Walsh, D. Press Release, Washington State University. 2009 )〕 and is now widespread throughout California's coastal counties,〔Bolda, M, Goodhue, R, Zalom. ''Spotted Wing Drosophila: Potential Economic Impact of Newly Established Pest.'' Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, University of California. 2009.http://giannini.ucop.edu/media/are-update/files/articles/v13n3_2.pdf〕 western Oregon, western Washington,〔 and parts of British Columbia〔''Spotted Wing Drosophila (Fruit Fly) Pest Alert''. British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture and Lands. December 2009. http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/swd.htm〕 and Florida.〔Steck, G, Dixon, W, Dean, D. Pest Alert, ''Spotted Wing Drosophila, a fruit pest new to North America''. 2009〕 During the summer of 2010 the fly was discovered for the first time in South Carolina, North Carolina,〔''Spotted Wing Drosophila.'' NC Small Fruit, Specialty Crop, and Tobacco IPM. 2010. http://ncsmallfruitsipm.blogspot.com/p/spotted-wing-drosophila.html〕 Louisiana,〔''Spotted Wing Drosophila.'' Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Horticulture. August 2010. http://www.ldaf.state.la.us/portal/Portals/0/AES/Horticulture/Quarantine_programs/Spotted%20Wing%20Drosophila%20Profile.pdf〕 and Utah.〔Davis, R., Alston, D., Vorel, C. ''Spotted Wing Drosophila'' September 2010. http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/ENT-140-10.pdf〕 In Fall 2010 the fly was also discovered in Michigan〔''Early detection program finds a new invasive pest of fruit in Michigan'' MSU Fruit Crop Advisory Team Alert, 29 Oct 2010. http://www.ipmnews.msu.edu/fruit/Fruit/tabid/123/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/3202/Early-detection-program-finds-a-new-invasive-pest-of-fruit-in-Michigan.aspx〕 and Wisconsin.〔Hamilton, K. ''Wisconsin Pest Bulletin''. 19 November 2010. https://onlineservices.datcp.wi.gov/pb/pests.jsp?categoryid=32&issueid=155〕 The pest has also been found in Europe, including the countries of Belgium, Italy, France, and Spain.〔Belgian Journal of Zoology - Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): A pest species new to Belgium. - (Link )〕〔''Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Spotted wing drosophila''. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. January 2010. http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Alert_List/insects/drosophila_suzukii.htm〕 ''D. suzukii'' is a fruit crop pest and is a serious economic threat to soft summer fruit; i.e., cherries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, grapes, and others.〔 Research investigating the specific threat ''D. suzukii'' poses to these fruit is ongoing.〔Herring, P. ''Grant funds help regional effort to combat spotted wing drosophila''. 29 April 2010. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/news/story.php?S_No=729&storyType=news.〕 ==Description== Like other members of the vinegar fly family, ''D. suzukii'' is small, approximately 2 to 3.5 mm in length and 5 to 6.5 mm in wingspan 〔 and looks like its fruit and vinegar fly relatives. Its body is yellow to brown with darker bands on the abdomen and it has red eyes. The male has a distinct dark spot near the tip of each wing; females do not have the spotted wing. The foreleg of the male sports dark bands on the first and second tarsi. The female has a long, sharp, serrated ovipositor. The larvae are small, white, and cylindrical reaching 3.5 mm in length.〔 When first observed in a new region, ''D. suzukii'' has often been confused with the western cherry fruit fly (''Rhagoletis indifferens'') and was given the short-lasting name cherry vinegar fly.〔''Spotted Wing Drosophila, ''Drosophila suzukii'': A New Pest in California''. UC IPM Online, 10 Apr 2010. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/EXOTIC/drosophila.html〕 The cherry fruit fly is significantly larger than ''D. suzukii'' (up to 5 mm) and has a pattern of dark bands on its wings instead of the telltale spot of ''D. suzukii''. The telltale spots on the wings of male ''D. suzukii'' have earned it the common name "spotted wing drosophila" (SWD). Unlike its vinegar fly relatives which are primarily attracted to rotting or fermented fruit, female ''D. suzukii'' attack fresh, ripe fruit by using their saw-like ovipositor to lay eggs under the fruit's soft skin. The larvae hatch and grow in the fruit, destroying the fruit's commercial value. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Drosophila suzukii」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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